Roman Catholicism is the largest sect of the Christian religion, currently comprising over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world's population. Generally, the term "Roman Catholicism" refers to the combined doctrines and pratices of those following the Roman Catholic Church, meaning those of Christians in communion with the See of Rome.

The History of Roman Catholicism is a long one and stems directly from the apparent founding of the Church by Saint Peter, continuing on into the present day, under Pope Benedict XVI.