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German Mediatisation

The German Mediatisation is the name of the process of secularisation and mediatisation which occured in Germany during and after the Napoleonic Wars. "Secularisation" is the process of removing temporal authority from spiritual leaders, such as Bishops, Abbots, and Abbesses. "Mediatisation" is the process of annexing one states' territory but leaving the annexed states' rulers with specific rights and priveleges. The secularisation of the states in Germany was complete in 1803. The mediatisation occured from 1806 - 1815. The states mediatised before the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine (July 12 1806), or those ruled by states which did not have a seat in the College of Princes or one of the four Benches of Counts, are not considered amongst the "Mediatised Houses".

Table of Contents

The SecularisationEdit

In 1797 Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire, and by the Treaty of Campo Formio (1801) annexed all lands west of the Rhine River. It was the responsibility of the Holy Roman Emperor to compensate many now stateless nobles with new lands, and the only lands to give were those held by ecclesiastical states. With France's insistence, the Reichstag in 1803 officially secularised all of the ecclesiastical states and redistributed their lands amongst the nobles of Germany.

List of Secularised StatesEdit

Name Type Recipient
Arms-Teutonic-Order.pngAlsace and Burgundy Bailiwick -
Arms-Augsburg-Diocese.pngAugsburg Bishopric Bavaria
Baindt Abbey Aspremont-Lynden
Arms-Bamberg-Diocese.pngBamberg Bishopric Bavaria
Arms-Basel-Diocese.pngBasel Bishopric -
Arms-Berchtesgaden-Provostry.pngBerchtesgaden Provostry Salzburg
Arms-Besançon-Diocese.pngBesançon Archbishopric -
Arms-Brixen.pngBrixen Bishopric Austria
Buchau Abbey Thurn and Taxis
Burtscheid Abbey -
Arms-Buxheim-Abbey.pngBuxheim Abbey Ostein and Goltstein
Arms-Buxheim-Abbey.png Buxheim: Pless - Wartenberg
Arms-Chur-Diocese.pngChur Bishopric -
Arms-Teutonic-Order.pngCoblenz Bailiwick -
Arms-Cologne-Diocese.pngCologne Archbishopric Arenberg and Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Constance-Diocese.pngConstance (Konstanz) Bishopric Baden
Arms-Cornelimünster-Abbey.pngCornelimünster Abbey -
Arms-Corvey-Abbey.pngCorvey Bishopric Nassau-Orange
Arms-Eichstätt-Diocese.pngEichstätt Bishopric Bavaria
Elchingen Abbey Bavaria
Arms-Ellwangen-Provostry.pngEllwangen Provostry Württemberg
Arms-Essen-Abbey.pngEssen Abbey Prussia
Arms-Freising-Diocese.pngFreising Bishopric Bavaria
Arms-Fulda-Diocese.pngFulda Bishopric Nassau-Orange
Gandersheim Abbey Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Arms-Gengenbach-Abbey.pngGengenbach Abbey Baden
Gernrode Abbey Anhalt
Gutenzell Abbey Törring-Gutenzell
Heggbach Abbey Waldbott von Bassenheim
Arms-Herford-Abbey.pngHerford Abbey Prussia
Arms-Hildesheim-Diocese1.pngHildesheim Bishopric Prussia
Arms-Irsee-Abbey.pngIrsee Abbey Bavaria
Kaisersheim (Kaisheim) Abbey Bavaria
Arms-Kempten-Abbey.pngKempten Abbey Bavaria
Arms-Liège-Diocese-18thC.pngLiège (Lüttich) Bishopric -
Arms-Lübeck-Diocese.pngLübeck Bishopric Oldenburg
Arms-Mainz-Diocese.pngMainz Archbishopric Hesse-Darmstadt and Nassau-Weilburg
Marchthal Abbey Thurn and Taxis
Arms-Münster-Diocese.pngMünster Bishopric Prussia, Arenberg, Salm-Salm, Salm-Kyrburg and Berg
Neresheim Abbey Thurn and Taxis
Niedermünster in Regensburg Abbey Prince-Primacy
Arms-Obermünster-Abbey.pngObermünster in Regensburg Abbey Prince-Primacy
Arms-Ochsenhausen-Abbey.pngOchsenhausen Abbey Metternich-Winneburg
Arms-Ochsenhausen-Abbey.png Ochsenhausen: Tannheim - Schaesberg
Arms-Ochsenhausen-Abbey.png Ochsenhausen: Winterrieden - Sinzendorf
Arms-Odenheim-Abbey.pngOdenheim and Bruchsal Abbey Baden
Arms-Osnabrück-Diocese.pngOsnabrück Bishopric Hannover
Arms-Paderborn-Diocese.pngPaderborn Bishopric Prussia
Arms-Passau.pngPassau Bishopric Bavaria
Arms-Petershausen-Abbey.pngPetershausen Abbey Baden
Arms-Prüm-Abbey.pngPrüm Abbey Denmark
Quedlinburg Abbey Prussia
Arms-Regensburg-Diocese.pngRegensburg Bishopric Prince-Primacy
Arms-Roggenburg-Abbey.pngRoggenburg Abbey Bavaria
Arms-Roth-Abbey.pngRoth Abbey Wartenberg
Rottenmünster Abbey Württemberg
Arms-StEmmeran-Abbey.pngSt Emmeran in Regensburg Abbey Prince-Primacy
St George in Isny Abbey Quadt-Isny
St Ulrich and St Afra in Augsburg Abbey Bavaria
Arms-Salmannsweiler-Abbey2.pngSalmannsweiler (Salem) Abbey Baden
Arms-Salzburg-State.pngSalzburg Archbishopric Salzburg
Schussenried Abbey Sternberg and Manderscheid, Nesselrode-Reichenstein and Sickingen
Söflingen Abbey Bavaria
Arms-Speyer-Diocese.pngSpeyer Bishopric Baden
Stablo-Malmedy Abbey -
Arms-Strasbourg-Diocese.pngStrasbourg Bishopric Baden
Thorn Abbey -
Arms-Trent.pngTrent (Trento) Bishopric Austria
Arms-Trier-Diocese.pngTrier Archbishopric -
Arms-Ursberg-Abbey.pngUrspring Abbey Württemberg
Arms-Weingarten-Abbey.pngWeingarten Abbey Nassau-Orange
Weissenau Abbey Sternberg and Manderscheid
Arms-Weissenburg-Provostry.pngWeissenburg Provostry -
Werden-Helmstädt Abbey Prussia
Arms-Wettenhausen-Abbey.pngWettenhausen Abbey Bavaria
Arms-Worms-Diocese.pngWorms Bishopric Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Würzburg-Diocese2.pngWürzburg Bishopric Bavaria
Arms-Zwiefalten.pngZwiefalten Abbey Württemberg

The Teutonic Order and the Knights of St. John were not "secularised". The Electors of Cologne, Mainz and Trier kept their votes despite being secularised. Those without recipients were either annexed to France or Switzerland by 1801.

Mediatised Free CitiesEdit

In 1803, the Free and Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire were also abolished and annexed to other states, with the exceptions of Arms-Bremen.png Bremen, Arms-Hamburg.png Hamburg, Arms-Lubeck.png Lübeck, Arms-Augsburg.png Augsburg, Arms-Nuremberg.png Nuremberg and Arms-FrankfurtMain.png Frankfurt. Of these, Augsburg was mediatised to Bavaria in 1805, Nuremberg in 1806, Frankfurt to the Prince-Primacy in 1806, and Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck to France in 1810. Frankfurt, Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck were later restored at the Congress of Vienna.

List of Mediatised CitiesEdit

Name Recipient
Arms-Aachen.pngAachen -
Arms-Aalen-pre1956.pngAalen Württemberg
Arms-BiberachRiss.pngBiberach Baden
Arms-Bopfingen.pngBopfingen Bavaria
Arms-BadBuchau.pngBuchau Thurn and Taxis
Arms-Friedrichshafen.pngBuchhorn (Friedrichshafen) Bavaria
Arms-Cologne.pngCologne -
Arms-Dinkelsbühl.pngDinkelsbühl Bavaria
Arms-Dortmund-pre1946.pngDortmund Nassau-Orange
Arms-EsslingenNeckar.pngEsslingen Württemberg
Arms-FriedbergWetterau.pngFriedberg in der Wetterau Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Gengenbach.pngGengenbach Baden
Arms-GiengenBrenz.pngGiengen an der Brenz Württemberg
Arms-Goslar.pngGoslar Prussia
Arms-Heilbronn.pngHeilbronn Württemberg
Arms-Isny.pngIsny Quadt-Isny
Arms-Kaufbeuren.pngKaufbeuren Bavaria
Arms-Kempten1500s-1818.pngKempten Bavaria
Arms-Leutkirch.pngLeutkirch Bavaria
Arms-LindauBodensee-FreeCity.pngLindau Bretzenheim
Arms-Memmingen.pngMemmingen Bavaria
Arms-Muhlhausen-Thuringia.pngMühlhausen Prussia
Arms-Nordhausen.pngNordhausen Prussia
Arms-Nordlingen.pngNördlingen Bavaria
Arms-Offenburg.pngOffenburg Baden
Arms-Pfullendorf.pngPfullendorf Baden
Arms-Ravensburg.pngRavensburg Bavaria
Arms-Regensburg.pngRegensburg Prince-Primacy
Arms-Reutlingen.pngReutlingen Württemberg
Arms-RothenburgTauber.pngRothenburg ob der Tauber Bavaria
Arms-Rottweil.pngRottweil Württemberg
Arms-SchwäbischGmünd.pngSchwäbisch Gmünd Württemberg
Arms-SchwäbischHall.pngSchwäbisch Hall Württemberg
Arms-Schweinfurt.pngSchweinfurt Bavaria
Arms-Speyer.pngSpeyer -
Arms-Uberlingen.pngÜberlingen Baden
Arms-Ulm1351-1803.pngUlm Bavaria
Arms-Wangen.pngWangen Bavaria
Arms-Weil.pngWeil der Stadt Württemberg
Arms-Weissenburg-Nordgau.pngWeissenburg im Nordgau Bavaria
Arms-Wetzlar.pngWetzlar Prince-Primacy
Arms-BadWimpfen.pngWimpfen Bavaria
Arms-Windsheim.pngWindsheim Bavaria
Arms-Worms.pngWorms -
Arms-ZellHarmersbach.pngZell am Harmersbach Baden

Those without recipients were annexed to France in 1801.

The MediatisationEdit

In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was abolished, and Napoleon Bonaparte had created the Confederation of the Rhine in its stead. As an incentive to join the confederation, states which joined were granted permission to mediatise neighbouring states. Further mediatisations occured in 1807 with the creation of the Kingdom of Westphalia, when Napoleon annexed northwestern Germany to enforce the Continental Blockade in 1810, and futher mediatisations took place at the Congress of Vienna in 1814/5. Those houses which were mediatised became known as the "Mediatised Houses".

Compare the list of Mediatised States with the Mediatised Houses.

List of Mediatised StatesEdit

Name Date Recipient
Arms-Holzappel.pngAnhalt-Bernburg-Hoym 1806 Nassau-Weilburg
Arms-Arenberg-Duke.pngArenberg (Aremberg) 1810 France
Arms-Aspremont-Germany.pngAspremont-Lynden 1806 Württemberg
Auersperg 1806 Austria and Baden
Arms-Bentheim.pngBentheim-Bentheim and Steinfurt 1806 Berg
Arms-Bentheim.pngBentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda 1806 Berg
Arms-Bentinck.pngBentinck 1810 France
Arms-Boyneburg.pngBoyneburg-Bömelberg 1806 Salm-Kyrburg
Arms-Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel1700s.pngBrunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1807 Westphalia
Arms-Castell.pngCastell-Castell 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Castell.pngCastell-Rüdenhausen 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Colloredo.pngColloredo-Mansfeld 1806 Austria, Prince-Primacy and Württemberg
Arms-Croy.pngCroÿ-Dulmen 1806 Arenberg
Arms-Dietrichstein3.pngDietrichstein 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Erbach-Erbach.pngErbach-Erbach 1806 Bavaria, Hesse-Darmstadt and Württemberg
Arms-Erbach2.pngErbach-Furstenau 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Erbach2.pngErbach-Schönberg 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Esterházy.pngEsterházy von Galántha 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Fugger.pngFugger-Babenhausen 1806 Austria and Bavaria
Arms-Fugger.pngFugger-Glött 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Fugger-Kirchberg-Weiss.pngFugger-Kirchberg-Weissenhorn 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Fugger.pngFugger-Kirchheim 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Fugger.pngFugger-Norndorf 1806 Bavaria, and Württemberg
Arms-Fürstenberg-Prince.pngFürstenberg 1806 Austria, Baden, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Württemberg
Arms-Giech2.pngGiech 1806 Austria
Grävenitz 1806 Berg
Arms-Harrach.pngHarrach 1806 Austria
Arms-Hesse-Cassel.pngHesse-Cassel 1807 Westphalia
Arms-Hesse-Homburg.pngHesse-Homburg 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Hohenlohe-Count.pngHohenlohe-Bartenstein 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Hohenlohe-Count.pngHohenlohe-Ingelfingen 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Hohenlohe-Count.pngHohenlohe-Jagstberg 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Hohenlohe-Count.pngHohenlohe-Kirchberg 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Hohenlohe-Count.pngHohenlohe-Langenburg 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Hohenlohe-Count.pngHohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst 1806 Bavaria and Württemberg
Arms-Isenburg-Birstein.pngIsenburg 1814 Austria, Hesse-Darmstadt and Prussia
Arms-Isenburg.pngIsenburg-Büdingen 1806 Isenburg
Arms-Isenburg-Meerholz.pngIsenburg-Meerholz 1806 Isenburg
Arms-Isenburg.pngIsenburg-Wächtersbach 1806 Isenburg
Arms-Kaunitz-Rietberg.pngKaunitz-Rietberg 1807 Westphalia
Arms-Khevenhuller-Metsch.pngKhevenhüller-Metsch 1806 Austria
Arms-Konigsegg.pngKönigsegg-Aulendorf 1806 Württemberg
Kuefstein-Greillenstein 1806 Austria
Arms-Leiningen-Hartenburg.pngLeiningen (Leiningen-Hartenburg) 1806 Baden, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Leiningen-Westerburg.pngLeiningen-Alt-Westerburg 1806 Berg and Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Leiningen.pngLeiningen-Billigheim 1806 Baden
Arms-Leiningen.pngLeiningen-Neudenau 1806 Baden
Arms-Leiningen-Westerburg.pngLeiningen-Neu-Westerburg 1806 Berg and Nassau-Weilburg
Arms-Leyen-Gondorf.pngLeyen 1814 Austria, Baden and Prussia
Lobcowicz (Lobkowitz) 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Looz-Corswarem.pngLooz-Corswarem 1806 Berg
Arms-Löwenstein-Wertheim.pngLöwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenburg 1806 Baden, Berg, Bavaria, Hesse-Darmstadt, Prince-Primacy and Württemberg
Arms-Löwenstein-Wertheim.pngLöwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg 1806 Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt and Prince-Primacy
Arms-Metternich-Winneburg.pngMetternich-Winneburg 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Orange-Nassau.pngNassau-Orange 1806 Baden, Berg and Württemberg
Arms-Neipperg.pngNeipperg 1806 Austria
Arms-Nesselrode-Reichenstein.pngNesselrode-Reichenstein 1806 Nassau-Weilburg
Orsini and Rosenberg 1806 Austria
Arms-Ortenburg2.pngOrtenburg 1806 Würzburg
Ostein 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Ottingen2.pngÖttingen-Spielberg 1806 Bavaria and Württemberg
Arms-Ottingen2.pngÖttingen-Wallerstein 1806 Bavaria and Württemberg
Arms-Pappenheim2.pngPappenheim 1806 Austria and Bavaria
Platen-Hallermund 1805 Prussia
Arms-Plettenberg.pngPlettenberg-Lenhausen 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Plettenberg.pngPlettenberg-Wittem 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Puckler-Limpurg.pngPückler and Limpurg 1806 Austria and Bavaria
Arms-Quadt-Wickrath.pngQuadt-Isny 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Rechberg.pngRechberg and Rothenlöwen 1806 Austria and Württemberg
Arms-Rechteren-Limpurg.pngRechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Salm.pngSalm-Horstmar 1806 Berg
Arms-Salm.pngSalm-Kyrburg 1810 France
Arms-Salm-Reifferscheid.pngSalm-Reifferscheid-Dyck 1806 Baden and Württemberg
Arms-Salm-Reifferscheid.pngSalm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach 1806 Baden and Württemberg
Arms-Salm-Reifferscheid.pngSalm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim 1806 Baden and Württemberg
Arms-Salm.pngSalm-Rhinegrafenstein and Grehweiler 1806 Berg
Arms-Salm.pngSalm-Salm 1810 France
Arms-Sayn-Wittgenstein.pngSayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg 1806 Berg and Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Sayn-Wittgenstein.pngSayn-Wittgenstein-Hohnstein 1806 Prussia and Württemberg
Schaesberg 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Schlitz-Görtz.pngSchlitz genannt von Görtz 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Schönborn-Wiesentheid.pngSchönborn-Wiesentheid 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Schönburg.pngSchönburg-Penig-Vorderglauchau-Wechselburg 1740 Austria and Saxony
Arms-Schönburg.pngSchönburg-Rochsburg-Hinterglauchau 1740 Saxony
Arms-Schönburg.pngSchönburg-Waldenburg 1740 Austria and Saxony
Arms-Schwarzenberg3.pngSchwarzenberg 1806 Austria, Baden, Bavaria and Württemberg
Arms-Sickingen.pngSickingen 1806 Austria
Arms-Sinzendorf.pngSinzendorf 1806 Austria and Bavaria
Arms-Solms2.pngSolms-Braunfels 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia and Württemberg
Arms-Solms2.pngSolms-Laubach 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Solms2.pngSolms-Hohensolms-Lich 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt, Prussia and Württemberg
Arms-Solms2.pngSolms-Rödelheim-Assenheim 1806 Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Solms2.pngSolms-Wildenfels 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Stadion.pngStadion-Thannhausen 1806 Bavaria
Arms-Stadion.pngStadion-Warthausen 1806 Württemberg
Starhemberg 1806 Austria
Sternberg and Manderscheid 1806 Austria and Württemberg
Arms-Stolberg4.pngStolberg-Rossla 1806 Hesse-Darmstadt
Arms-Stolberg4.pngStolberg-Stolberg 1806 Prussia
Arms-Stolberg4.pngStolberg-Wernigerode 1807 Hesse-Darmstadt (1806) and Westphalia (1807)
Arms-ThurnTaxis.pngThurn and Taxis 1806 Baden, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Württemberg
Arms-Toerring2.pngTörring-Gutenzell 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Trautmansdorf.pngTrautmansdorf-Weinsberg 1806 Austria and Baden
Arms-Waldbott-Bassenheim.pngWaldbott von Bassenheim 1806 Bavaria, Nassau-Weilburg and Württemberg
Arms-Waldburg2.pngWaldburg-Waldsee 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Waldburg2.pngWaldburg-Wurzach 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Waldburg2.pngWaldburg-Zeil 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Waldeck-Pyrmont.pngWaldeck-Limpurg 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Wallmoden.pngWallmoden-Gimborn 1806 Berg, Mecklenberg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Arms-Wartenberg.pngWartenberg 1806 Württemberg
Arms-Wied.pngWied-Neuwied 1806 Nassau-Weilburg and Prussia
Arms-Wied-Runkel.pngWied-Runkel 1806 Berg, Nassau-Weilburg and Prussia
Arms-Windisch-Gratz.pngWindisch-Grätz-Eglofs 1806 Austria and Württemberg
Arms-Wurmbrand.pngWurmbrand-Stuppach 1806 Austria
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